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By default /system/lib/modules (where kernel modules are stored) is read-only and and the adb remount command which remounts the /system partition read-write fails.  Changing this is relatively straightforward but I'm bound to forget how I did it so here goes:

• Initially this is what happened when I tried to push the kernel modules to the phone

  cianer@Feegle:~/images$ adb push ../msm/drivers/usb/gadget/g_ether.ko /system/lib/modules
  failed to copy '../msm/drivers/usb/gadget/g_ether.ko' to '/system/lib/modules/g_ether.ko': Read-only file system
  cianer@Feegle:~/images$ adb remount
  remount failed: Operation not permitted
  cianer@Feegle:~/images$ 
  

• To allow adb remount to work /default.prop needs to be changed from ro.secure=1 to ro.secure=0.  To do this I needed to repack the boot image, thus:

  cianer@Feegle:~/images/mtd2.img-ramdisk$ ls
  data          dev   init.goldfish.rc  init.rc        logo.rle  sbin  system
  default.prop  init  initlogo.rle      init.trout.rc  proc      sys
  cianer@Feegle:~/images/mtd2.img-ramdisk$ vi default.prop 
            <edit the file so that ro.secure=0>
  cianer@Feegle:~/images$ repack-bootimg.pl kernel.gz mtd2.img-ramdisk img.ro_secure_0 
  2266 blocks
  
  repacked boot image written at img.ro_secure_0 
  cianer@Feegle:~/images$ adb push img.ro_secure_0  /sdcard
  1031 KB/s (1882112 bytes in 1.782s)
  cianer@Feegle:~/images$ adb shell
  $ su
  # cat /dev/zero > /dev/mtd/mtd2
  write: No space left on device
  # flash_image boot /sdcard/img.ro_secure_0 
  # exit
  $ exit
  cianer@Feegle:~/images$ 

• Reboot the ADP1 so that the new kernel takes effect & then try again.

  cianer@Feegle:~/images$ adb push drivers/usb/gadget/g_ether.ko /system/lib/modules
  failed to copy 'drivers/usb/gadget/g_ether.ko' to '/system/lib/modules/g_ether.ko': Read-only file system
  cianer@Feegle:~/images$ adb remount
  remount succeeded
  cianer@Feegle:~/images$ adb push drivers/usb/gadget/g_ether.ko /system/lib/modules
  1273 KB/s (718998 bytes in 0.551s)
  cianer@Feegle:~/images$ 

• Another handy side-effect of this is that when you do the adb shell command you are automatically logged in as root so you don't have to type su.  Hours of mantime saved!